The Qur'an & Chemistry

Mountains as Stabilizers

Mountains help stabilize the Earth’s crust.

Modern geology shows that mountains often have deep roots extending into the Earth’s crust, contributing to tectonic balance and stability. Many Muslims see a parallel in the Qur’an’s description of mountains being placed firmly in the Earth.

“And We placed within the earth firmly set mountains, lest it should shake with them…” (Qur’an 21:31)

Mountains Like Pegs

Mountains have deep structures beneath the surface.

Geologists have discovered that many mountain ranges extend deep underground, similar to pegs or roots anchoring into the crust. Some interpret the Qur’an’s comparison of mountains to pegs as reflecting this geological structure.

“And the mountains as pegs?” (Qur’an 78:7)

The Water Cycle

Rainwater returns to the Earth in a continuous cycle.

Modern science explains the hydrological cycle through evaporation, cloud formation, and rainfall. The Qur’an describes water descending from the sky and being stored within the Earth centuries before the water cycle was formally understood.

“And We sent down water from the sky in due measure and settled it in the earth…” (Qur’an 23:18)

Barrier Between Two Seas

Different bodies of water can maintain distinct properties.

Oceanography has observed that some seas meet while maintaining differences in salinity, temperature, and density. Many point to the Qur’an’s mention of a barrier between two bodies of water as remarkable.

“He released the two seas, meeting side by side; between them is a barrier they do not transgress.” (Qur’an 55:19–20)